Yearly Archives: 2019


Past Speakers


IEEE $1 Million Challenge

IEEE $1 Million Challenge call for proposals

Ideas are bigger today—and they should be. Technology is progressing faster than ever before. IEEE members have always created advancements that allow us to keep up with the changing world. The IEEE New Initiatives Committee (NIC) is looking for your help with the next big idea.

IEEE is looking for fresh ideas, innovations, and new concepts for: 

  • Broadening membership through engagement
  • Enhancing education in underserved communities
  • Experimenting with new style events

IEEE is not looking for just your ideas; turn your ideas into real solutions. That is what IEEE members do best and how you make a difference in the world. Creative and potentially disruptive approaches are encouraged—IEEE wants your outside-the-box, groundbreaking, and world-shattering ideas and solutions.

For more information please click here.


Obituary of David Okereafor

Dear Region 8 members,

It is with a heavy heart that I am announcing the passing away of David Okereafor, IEEE Nigeria Section member and dedicated young volunteer.

I would like to share with you his obituary prepared by Rapahel Onoshakpor, IEEE Nigeria Section Chair.

Please join me in conveying our condolences to his family and his Section.

Sincerely,
Magdalena Salazar Palma
IEEE Region 8 Delegate and Director


DAVID TOBECHUKWU OKEREAFOR
IEEE NIGERIA SECTION WEBMASTER
(December, 1990 – April, 2019)

IEEE Nigeria Section has lost a rare gem: David Tobechukwu Okereafor who was an exceptional IEEE volunteer and the youngest mentor. He was born on December 31, 1990 at Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria to late Mr Eugene Ozoemela Okereafor and Mrs Georginia Chijioke Okereafor. He was the youngest of five (5) siblings. He died on April 17, 2019, at the National Hospital, Abuja.

David graduated in 2014 from the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) with B.Eng (Second Class (Hons), Upper Division) degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Communication Engineering Option). He was a skilled Engineer, Embedded-Systems developer, Internet of Things (IoT), robots and unmanned ground vehicles.

David was an IEEE volunteer starting from his first year at university. He was the Chair at FUTO Student Branch (SB) from 2011 to 2013. He nurtured the FUTO SB till his graduation in 2014. During his time at university, he organised student paper contests, programming tutorials and encouraged students to participate in Extreme Programming competitions and made many other notable contributions. David was the curator of the IEEE Nigeria Section students’ robotics competitions. Until his demise, David was the IEEE Nigeria Section Webmaster and the Secretary of the Robotics and Automation Society, Nigeria Chapter. He was also the webmaster for the IEEE/PES Power Africa 2019 website. He designed and maintained websites for numerous IEEE Conferences organised in Nigeria, in addition to building conference paper submission portals and more. His work and personality will be dearly missed.

He was laid to rest on Friday 26th of April 2019. May his soul rest in peace.


IEEE Region 8 Awards

The IEEE recognizes the efforts of its volunteers and the contributions of its members within its fields of interest. On this page, you can find more information on the various awards that are organized in Region 8, as well as the links to the different MGA awards.

 

The most important Region 8 awards are:

Deadline for nominations for all awards: 31 August 2025 11:59PM CEST.

 

These awards work on a yearly schedule. Submissions must be made using the Region 8 Award Portal, using the links above. Nominations sent through other means or after the deadline will not be considered.

The R8 Student Activities Committee manages its own student award program.


2019-October – Valencia

This page contains information about the 113th IEEE Region 8 Committee Meeting to be held in Valencia on 12-13 of October 2019.

 


Motions

 

Presentations

 

OpCom Reports

 

Director (Magdalena Salazar Palma) Director-Elect (Antonio Luque)
Past-Director (Margaretha Eriksson) Secretary (Ana Madureira)
Treasurer (Adam Jastrzebski) V/C Member Activities (Adeel Sultan)
V/C Student Activities (Maciej Borówka) V/C Technical Activities (Sohaib Sheikh)

Subcommittee Reports

 

Action for Industry (AfI) Life Member Coordinator (LM) Social Media Coordinator
Africa Council Membership Development Subcommittee (MDSC) Standards Coordinator (StC)
Awards & Recognition Subcommittee (A&RSC) Nominations and Appointments Subcommittee Strategic Planning
Chapter Coordination Subcommittee (ChCSC) Professional and Educational Activities Subcommittee (PEAsC) Student Representative
Conference Coordination SubCommittee (CoCSC) Publications and Communications Subcommittee (PC) Voluntary Contribution Fund Coordinator (VCF)
Electronic Communications Coordinator (ECC) Region 8 Today (Region8Today) Women in Engineering Coordinator (WIE)
Finance Subcommittee Region 8 News (R8News) Young Professionals Subcommittee (YP)
History Activities Coordinator (HA) Region Vitality Coordinator (RVC)
Humanitarian Activities Subcommittee (HuA) Sections Congress Coordinator

Section Reports

 

Algeria Section Iraq Section Romania Section
Austria Section Iran Section Russia Section
Bahrain Section Israel Section Russia (Northwest) Section
Belarus Section Italy Section Russia (Siberia) Section
Benelux Section Jordan Section Saudi Arabia (East) Section
Bosnia and Herzegovina Section Kenya Section Saudi Arabia (West) Section
Bulgaria Section Kuwait Section Serbia And Montenegro Section
Croatia Section Latvia Section Slovenia Section
Cyprus Section Lebanon Section South Africa Section
Czechoslovakia Section Lithuania Section Spain Section
Denmark Section Malta Section Sweden Section
Egypt Section Mauritius Section Switzerland Section
Estonia Section Morocco Section Tunisia Section
Finland Section Nigeria Section Turkey Section
France Section Norway Section Uganda Section
Germany Section Oman Section UK and Ireland Section
Ghana Section Poland Section Ukraine Section
Greece Section Portugal Section United Arab Emirates Section
Hungary Section Qatar Section Zambia Section
Iceland Section Republic Of Macedonia Section

Reimbursement


IEEE Inspiring Leaders

The activity “IEEE Inspiring Leaders”, seeks to bring IEEE leaders closer to student and Young Professional IEEE members, in order to motivate and inspire them.

 

The activity consists of an open interview-discussion, in which the panelists and other IEEE members will be asked about different aspects of their professional life and their experience in IEEE. In this manner, the event attempts to gain an insight into who are the leaders of IEEE.

 

 

The activity focuses on the human side of our participants, so it will not be a technical presentation. Therefore, no preparation for the activity is expected to be required. Just the will to have fun and have a relaxed conversation with other fellow IEEE members.

 

The activity will take place on Saturday 12 before lunch, in a slot specifically assigned to it (i.e. it will not collide with the R8 meeting).

 

 


Meeting Schedule – Valencia

Friday
Foyer area Burdeos room Mandarina room
8:00-8:30
8:30-9:00 LMAG meeting
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:00
10:00-10:30 Coffee Break
10:30-11:00 LMAG meeting
11:00-11:30
11:30-12:00
12:00:12:30
12:30-13:00 Lunch
13:00-13:30 Africa Council meeting
13:30-14:00
14:00-14:30 Spain Section Meeting LMAG meeting
14:30-15:00
15:00-15:30
15:30-16:00 Coffee Break
16:00-16:30 Coffee Break Africa Council meeting Coffee Break
16:30-17:00 Spain Section Meeting LMAG meeting
17:00-17:30
17:30-18:00
18:00-18:05 Director’s Address
18:05-18:30 Spain Section

Presentation and Awards

18:30-19:30 Workshop: “THE

OPPORTUNITIES OF BUILDING

IEEE STANDARDS FOR EUROPE,

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA”

19:30-20:30
20:30-21:00 Welcome Reception
21:00-21:30 Dinner

(Hotel Restaurant – Bar – Terrace)

21:30-22:00
22:00-22:30
22:30-23:00
Saturday Sunday
Celeste I+II Celeste I+II
8:00-8:30 Region 8 Meeting Region 8 Meeting
8:30-9:00
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:00
10:00-10:30
10:30-11:00
11:00-11:30
11:30-12:00
12:00:12:30
12:30-13:00
13:00-13:30
13:30-14:00
14:00-14:30
14:30-15:00
15:00-15:30
15:30-16:00
16:00-16:30
16:30-17:00
17:00-17:30
17:30-18:00
18:00-18:05 City tour
18:05-18:30
18:30-19:30
19:30-20:30 Gala Dinner
20:30-21:00
21:00-21:30
21:30-22:00
22:00-22:30
22:30-23:00
Bus to Hotel

Order of the Day – Valencia

Friday

Time Duration # Type Item Presenter
16:00 2:00:00 Registration open
18:00 0:05:00 Director’s Address Magdalena Salazar Palma
18:05 0:25:00 Spain Section Presentation and Awards Jesús Fraile Ardanuy
18:30 2:00:00 Workshop “THE OPPORTUNITIES OF BUILDING IEEE STANDARDS FOR EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA” Jesús Fraile / Óscar Martínez / Clara Neppel
20:30 0:30:00 Welcome Reception
21:00 2:00:00 Welcome Dinner – Dress Code: Business Casual
23:00 Dinner Ends

Saturday

Time Duration # Type Item Presenter
7:00 1:00:00 Social Breakfast
8:00 0:05:00 100 Procedural Call to Order Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:05 0:15:00 101 Procedural Roll Call / Introduction of New Officers / Representatives / Guests / Apologiess for Absence Ana Madureira / Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:20 0:05:00 102 Procedural Welcome by Spain Section Chair Jesús Fraile Ardanuy
8:25 0:05:00 103 Procedural Introductory Remarks Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:30 0:05:00 104 Action Approval of the Consent Agenda Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:35 0:05:00 105 Action Approval of the Agenda Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:40 0:30:00 106 Discussion IEEE Region 8 Director’s Address Magdalena Salazar Palma
9:10 0:30:00 107 Discussion IEEE Past President’s Address Jim Jefferies
9:40 0:30:00 108 Discussion IEEE Executive Director and COO Address Stephen Welby
10:10 0:10:00 109 Discussion IEEE Region 1: Identifying Member Journeys and Interface Points for Engagement Babak Dastgheib-Beheshti
10:20 0:10:00 110 Discussion IEEE Region 7 Director’s Address Maike Luiken
10:30 0:20:00 Social Coffee Break
10:50 2:00:00 111 Workshop IEEE Inspiring Leaders Event Jesús Fraile Ardanuy
12:50 1:30:00 Social Lunch
14:20 0:30:00 201 Discussion IEEE VP, MGAB, IEEE Managing Director, MGA: Strategies & Directions Francis Grosz / Cecelia Jankowski
14:50 0:10:00 202 Discussion Stategic Planning Committee Antonio Luque / Martin Bastiaans
15:00 0:30:00 203 Discussion Student Activities Maciej Borówka
15:30 0:20:00 Social Coffee Break
15:50 0:45:00 204 Discussion Member Activities Adeel Sultan
16:35 0:15:00 205 Discussion IEEE Foundation and Life Members Charles Turner – IEEE LM Committee Chair
16:50 0:10:00 206 Discussion Nominations and Appointments Report and Election Instructions Vera Markovic
17:00 0:15:00 207 Discussion Presentations of VCs Candidates Vera Markovic
17:15 0:05:00 208 Executive Session Voting Vera Markovic
17:20 0:05:00 209 Discussion Presentation of election results Vera Markovic
17:25 0:05:00 210 Procedural Closing of day one Magdalena Salazar Palma
17:30 0:05:00 211 Social Group photo Ana Madureira
17:35 End of meeting – day one
18:30 0:10:00 Social Meeting Point for Bus: Outside Hotel
18:40 1:30:00 Social Valencia Tour by Bus with Guide
20:10 2:45:00 Social Gala Dinner at La Ferradura Restaurant / Awards Ceremony Costas Stasopoulos
22:55 0:10:00 Social Bus Drive to Hotel
23:05 Social Arrival to Barceló Valencia Hotel

Sunday

Time Duration # Type Item Presenter
7:00 1:00:00 Social Breakfast
8:00 0:05:00 300 Procedural Call to Order Magdalena Salazar Palma
8:05 0:35:00 301 Discussion Technical Activities Sohaib Sheikh
8:40 0:05:00 302 Info Upcoming Flagship Conferences Ljupco Karazdinov
8:45 0:20:00 303 Discussion IEEE Collabratec – Region 8 Performance John Day
9:05 0:20:00 304 Discussion IEEE R8 Director-Elect Candidates Presentations Costas Stasopoulos: Igor Kuzle / Vin Piuri
9:25 0:10:00 305 Discussion IEEE R8 Director-Elect Candidates Q&A All
9:35 0:10:00 306 Executive Session Discussion and voting
9:45 0:05:00 307 Discussion Presentation of the voting results Costas Stasopoulos
9:50 0:15:00 308 Discussion Africa Council Update Habib Kammoun
10:05 0:15:00 309 Discussion IEEE Membership Dues – Payment by Installment Option Adeel Sultan / Sohaib Sheikh
10:20 0:20:00 Social Coffee Break
10:40 0:20:00 310 Discussion Treasurer and Finance Committee Report Adam Jastrzebski
11:00 0:30:00 311 Discussion 2020 Budget Proposal Adam Jastrzebski
11:30 0:30:00 312 Discussion Concur Reimbursement System Presentation Adam Jastrzebski
12:00 0:10:00 313 Discussion IEEE Sections Congress Costas Stasopoulos
12:10 0:20:00 314 Motions Motions Presentation, Discussion, and Voting Antonio Luque
12:30 0:05:00 315 Discussion New Business All
12:35 0:05:00 316 Discussion Call for Proposals for Incoming R8 Committee Meetings Antonio Luque
12:40 0:10:00 317 Discussion Invitation to Next Region 8 Committee Meeting Mariusz Malinowski
12:50 0:05:00 318 Discussion Closing Remarks Magdalena Salazar Palma
12:55 0:05:00 319 Procedural Adjournment Magdalena Salazar Palma
13:00 1:00:00 Social Lunch
14:00 End of Meeting

Consent Agenda

501 Action Approval of the minutes of the 112th Region 8 Committee meeting
502 Report Reports

Publications & Communications

Publications & Communications (P&C) Committee Mission

The Publications & Communications (P&C) Committee plays a crucial role in managing, coordinating, and overseeing the communication channels within our community. Our primary goal is to serve the needs of Region 8 members as well as prospective members, ensuring they are informed, engaged, and up-to-date on all relevant activities and developments. This includes sharing valuable information about upcoming conferences, highlighting significant event reviews, and celebrating the achievements of our members in a variety of fields.

As with any news or communications outlet, we heavily rely on you, our members, to provide us with the content that fuels our publications. Whether it’s an article, an announcement, or a personal achievement you’d like to highlight, we encourage you to reach out and contribute.

If you’re ever unsure about who to contact or if you need assistance with submitting your content, don’t hesitate to get in touch with us. Simply send an email to [email protected], or you can fill out our this form to describe your request, and we will make sure to connect you with the right person to assist you. We are here to help and ensure your content is shared with the wider Region 8 community.

Committee Chair

Sample ImageI am honoured and delighted to serve as Chair of the Publications & Communications (P&C) Committee for the 2025-2026 term.

For those who don’t know me, I’m Nick Wainwright. My career has been rooted in the Testing, Inspection, and Certification industry, where I currently serve as the National Business Line Leader for Electrical and Electronics at Eurofins Scientific.

My journey with IEEE began in the late 1980s, though, like many, I remained a ‘silent member’ for years – paying my subscription and receiving my magazines. That changed just over a decade ago when I became involved with the UK & Ireland EMC Chapter. Shortly after, I took on the challenge of designing and maintaining the Section’s website, a responsibility I continue to this day. Fortunately, this experience has given me a strong foundation in publications and communications.

The P&C Committee plays a vital role in promoting the activities of Region 8 through various channels. Like all news platforms, we rely on contributions from our members. We encourage each organisation to appoint a Communications Officer who can collaborate with us to highlight events and achievements. Organizing events requires significant effort, and it’s only right that they receive the visibility they deserve – both before and after they take place.

Our key communication channels are:

Region 8 Today: Our online portal, designed to quickly share news, events, and the outstanding work of our members. https://region8today.ieeer8.org/

Region 8 News: Our flagship quarterly newsletter, keeping IEEE members informed about programs, initiatives, and activities.

Region 8 Social Media: A dynamic presence on Facebook, X, LinkedIn, and Instagram, providing near real-time updates and engagement with our community.

My immediate priority as Chair is to ensure all these channels are fully active and ready to support Region 8 activities. In the medium term, we will focus on giving the main Region 8 website a much-needed refresh.

I would also like to extend my sincere gratitude to Adeel Sultan for his leadership of the P&C Committee over the past four years, as well as to the dedicated committee members who served alongside him: Maja Matijasevic, Fatma Zamil, George Michael, and Mohammad Hossein Babaee.

While some existing committee members will continue to contribute, I am also eager to hear from others who can make a significant and sustained impact.

Most importantly “We Need Your News Contributions!”

Contact us:

P&C Committee: [email protected]

Article Submissions: [email protected] or via this form

I look forward to supporting the activities of Region 8 through an active and responsive P&C Committee.

Nick Wainwright
[email protected]


IEEE technical Chapters: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

 

  • What is an IEEE Chapter?
    • A Chapter is a technical subunit of a Region, one or more Sections, or a Geographic Council established by petition to the parent geographical and technical organizational units. Section 9.6 in the MGA Operations Manual reviews the guidelines for Chapter operation.
    • Members of the respective Society/Council automatically become members of the local Chapter.
  • What types of Chapters are there in IEEE?
  • What does an IEEE Chapter offer? Why is it good to have more Chapters?
    • Full access to the resources of a mother Society or technical Council (for a Joint Chapter, access to the resources of all Societies), e.g.
      • specialized technical resources
      • grants, scholarships
      • funding
      • participation in committees shaping the future of the field
    • Possibility to organize, advertise local technical events to and interactions within the local members of the respective Societies/Councils.
    • Funding from respective Societies/Councils for organizing local technical events
      • Own independent funding stream within a Section/subSection/Region
      • See some of the funding options here
    • Access to IEEE Distinguished Lecturers and Speakers from respective Societies/Councils (where the Society pays for the Distinguished Lecturer to come to your country and give talks)
      • Please see a guide here
    • Possibility to support local conferences with IEEE logo and resources
    • Many Societies/Councils afford (pay travel expenses for) the Chapter Chair (or the person delegated by the Chair) to attend its main conference and participate in various learning programs.
  • How to start up/form a new Chapter, or How to change an existing Chapter?
    • The process following this diagram (borrowed from an MGA page):
    • Process of petitioning a new organizational unit in IEEE
    • See here and here for details
    • An Organizer* can form a new Chapter or Join Chapter (if one does not currently exist in the Region, one or more Sections, or a Geographic Council), by visiting the IEEE Geographic Unit Formation Policies and Petitions website. Scroll down the page and select the link “Access Petition Form“. When the petition page loads, log in using your IEEE Account credentials (username and password) and select Chapter. Follow the step-by-step instructions to submit the petition.
      *An eligible Organizer must be an active IEEE Graduate Student Member or higher for a minimum of six months, a member of the Section, and an active member of the sponsoring society/ies.

      • starting a new Chapter requires 12 signatures
      • starting a new Student Branch Chapter requires 6 signatures
    • The petition can be done electronically (see above) or manually.
  • What are the key responsibilities of a Chapter Chair?
    • ensuring that the Chapter is active and offers services to its members
    • running at least 2 technical events per year (more is better)
    • ensuring the sustainability of the Chapter’s leadership, i.e. training the next generation of Chapter leadership
  • Why is it best to have a complete (3-5 people) leadership committee for a Chapter (or any other organizational unit)?
    • Whilst a Chapter may be successfully run by a single Chair, this often leads to problems in the longer term. Having more than one person leading the Chapter enables
      • better sustainability in a longer-term (e.g. by chapter leadership team members learning from each other and able to support the events as a team, and having good ready-to-do-excellent-work candidates for the next term)
      • broader reach/wider network able to reach more people
      • ability to generate more ideas for better events
      • ability to distribute tasks, rely on each other and run bigger events
  • What is the annual minimum reporting requirement for a Chapter?
    • A technical Chapter needs to have officers and must hold at least 2 technical events per year in order to avoid being dissolved.
  • How can a Chapter win an award, e.g. Best Chapter award?
    • To qualify for an award, a Chapter needs to do many quality activities (especially technical events attended by many members) and grow its membership
    • To apply for an award, the Chapter needs to be nominated. There are different opportunities in existence:
      • Most Societies/Councils have award programs
      • R8 has “Chapter of the Year” awards program – see https://ieeer8.org/category/awards/
      • Some Sections have own award programs
  • Can Chapter set its own awards/recognitions for active members?
    • Yes, Chapters are encouraged to set up their own award programs. The officiation of such a program may need to be vetted by IEEE.
  • How does a Chapter relate to other units of IEEE?
    • Chapter serves its local members
    • Chapter reports to and can draw resources (funding, speakers, …) from and offer new activities to the respective Society (under the IEEE TA) and Section/subSection/Region it belongs to (under IEEE MGA)
    • Overall picture can be found here:  R8_TA_relations_higher_committees_v1
  • What is and How to establish a Technical/Sister Society Agreement to help increasing activities?
    • Please see here for details.
    • Sister Society Agreements are designed to promote additional cooperation with external to IEEE organizations in a specific discipline through joint activities. Additionally, in order to promote joint membership, these agreements may also provide discounts on IEEE Society membership fees and Society publications.
  • How to determine the IEEE operational unit (OU) code for a Chapter or Student Branch Chapter?
    • Please see an example here.
  • How can an IEEE eNotice email be sent out to all Chapter members?
    • The best and fastest way to submit it is via this form: http://enotice.vtools.ieee.org (accessible to Section and Chapter Chairs). It normally works for all Chapter needs.
    • If you need to select your audience manually (i.e. your eNotice requires a special audience or manual processing not supported in the normal form), then this form needs to be used instead: use sites.ieee.org/vtools/enotice-submission-form/. This has recently been replaced by signing into https://enotice.vtools.ieee.org, creating your eNotice and in the special instructions field, you can specify the target audience (e.g. R8 Chapter Chairs and R8 Student Branch Chapter Chairs).
  • How can one find out whether more Chapters can be established in a Section?
    • The simplest approach is to use IEEE OU Analytics to get this info (it is assumed the user has appropriate access rights). The feature is called “Potential Chapters”. Inside the OU Analytics, go to “Map”, and inside the Maps (otherwise called Geo OU Analysis), go to the tab “Potential Chapters”. Select “Region 8”. Select or enter your Section and see the Societies for which the minimum conditions to establish a new technical Chapters are already satisfied.
    • A more complicated but also more comprehensive approach is to download the list of Section’s members (also from IEEE OU Analytics), which includes a record of the membership in Societies (i.e. the column with MEMxxxnnn, where xxxnnn is the Society code, e.g. MEMTEM014). From this, one can count the number of members for each IEEE Society of interest and match this to the minimum requirements for an individual Chapter (12+ members) or a Joint Chapter (12+ members, with at least 3+ members from each relevant Society; please see Section 9.6 in the MGA Operations Manual for further details on the minimum requirements.
  • How can one find whether the Chapter is active and how active it has been?
    • The IEEE vTools Events/Meetings can be used to determine the meetings registered against the Chapter. The process is simple. Just select your Region (Region 8), your Section, and the Chapter you are interested in, and click the “Search” button. The system will show you the events ran by the Chapter and when they were running. The minimum requirement for an active Chapter is 2 events per year.
  • How and when are the Chapters dissolved?
    • The Chapters are dissolved following a period of inactivity, i.e. when the minimum requirement (2 technical events per year) is unfulfilled for over a year. The list of inactive Chapters is submitted to the MGA Board by MGA employees by the agenda item deadline. The MGA Board then decides on the dissolution in their meeting. The schedule of their meetings may be found here.
  • Where to find the list of Societies, technical Councils, roster of Society Presidents, Chapter Coordinators etc.?
  • Where can I find basic information about Chapters (similar to these FAQs) from MGA perspective?
  • Are there Training opportunities / How to Learn how to do this?
    • Training is available via the IEEE Center for Leadership Excellence (CLE) and IEEE CLE Learning Library: http://ieee-elearning.org/CLE/ . There, one can find training for volunteers /officers as well as professional development training (in soft skills such as leadership, communications, and management skills. Technical Chapter / Student Branch Chapter officer can click on “Volunteer”, log in, and then click on the “Technical Chapter Chair” or “Student Branch Chapter Chair”, respectively. The overall training usually around 1.5-2 hours and can be done in parts.
    • It may also be recommended to access many relevant topics under “Sections Congress” in CLE.

 

 

Materials